Prevalencia de enfermedades reproductivas en bovinos de Colombia. Artículo de revisión

Las enfermedades que afectan la reproducción bovina causan grandes pérdidas económicas en la industria ganadera a nivel mundial. Las enfermedades de tipo viral y bacteriano pueden causar abortos, las distocias pueden causar la muerte de los terneros y de sus madres, las retenciones de placenta aumentan el intervalo entre partos y pueden disminuir la producción láctea, además la infertilidad es una de las principales causas de descarte de animales en un sistema productivo, lo que genera efectos negativos como bajos índices productivos y reproductivos, el aumento en los costos de tratamiento y la implementación de medidas preventivas. Por esta razón, es importante conocer la prevalencia de las enfermedades reproductivas que afectan la producción bovina en Colombia, con el fin de aportar información detallada de dichas enfermedades, y así permitir una mejor comprensión de esta problemática sanitaria..

Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle from Sotaquirá, Colombia

Worldwide distributed Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) represents a high risk of infection in most bovine farms, in which it is associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases. The purpose of this research was to establish the seroprevalence and the main risk factors associated with the presentation of BVDV in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Colombia. Samples were taken from 1000 cattle of Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, Normande Gyr and Holstein x Gyr. Epidemiological surveys were implemented, reproductive and management variables were taken into consideration. Indirect ELISA was performed to detect specific antibodies against BVDV using the commercial kit SERELISA® BVD p80 Ab Mono Blocking. The overall seroprevalence of antibodies against BVDV was 42.5% (425/1000), where the Gyr breed (59.1% apparent prevalence (AP); 60.3% real prevalence (PR)) and the age group > 4 years (53.0% PA; 54.4% PR) presented the highest seroprevalences. A significant statistical association was found for the breed, age, management practices evaluated and the presentation of PI3 (p ≤ 0.05). Age group > 4 years, Normande breed, presentation of PI3 and grazing lease were established as risk factors associated with BVDV in the herds. These infections are mainly associated with dairy cattle and herds with many animals, so it is important to consider vaccination plans as a preventive system and follow up on the most common diseases

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in cattle from Pereira, Colombia

There are over 25.6 million cattle heads in Colombia being the fourth-highest herd in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in cattle from 25 rural farms at Pereira municipality, Risaralda Department, which has a total bovine population of 43,508 animals. A cross-sectional observational study was performed in beef and dairy herds during 2017–2018. A total of 325 animals in 25 herds, with 13 animals per herd, were sampled. A commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit was used to detect N. caninum antibodies. Associated risk factors were analyzed in two different levels: individual animals and herds. For all the independent variables, chi-square (χ2) and Fisher tests were used to assess associations and significance. The overall estimated seropositivity was 20.6% (95%CI 16.2%–25.0%). The seroprevalence by herds was 92.0% ranging from 0.0% to 46.2%. Noteworthy, beef herds had significantly (p = 0.0107) higher seropositivity (50% of them above 35% of seropositivity) compared with those for milk purposes (4.8%) (OR = 20.0; 95%CI 1.2–331.0). Other risk factors were not significantly (p ≥ 0.05) associated with N. caninum seropositivity. Bovine neosporosis may be associated with abortions in both beef and dairy Colombian farms. More studies about the epidemiology, associated factors and consequences, as well as on tools for better diagnosis of bovine abortion, including histopathology and other ancillary tests, should be performed.Fil: Idarraga Bedoya, Samuel E.. Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; ColombiaFil: Álvarez Chica, Jaime. Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; ColombiaFil: Bonilla Aldana, D. Katterine. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira; Colombia. Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas; ColombiaFil: Moore, Dadin Prando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Morales, Alfonso J.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira; Colombia. Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas; Colombi

Dinámica de anticuerpos y factores de riesgo para DVB, IBR, Leptospira y Neospora en muestras de leche de hatos de la Provincia de Ubaté

Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte, evaluando IBR, DBV, Neosporosis y leptospirosis, en la Provincia de Ubaté – Cundinamarca. Se hizo un seguimiento de la prevalencia y dinámica a nivel de hato detectando anticuerpos en leche de tanque. Se tomaron muestras por finca trimestralmente entre 2016 y 2017. La información de manejo y salud reproductiva de 365 pequeños productores, se tomó cada 45 días. Estos datos y los resultados de las pruebas se analizaron por regresión logística binaria para establecer factores de riesgo (p0.05). Además, se realizó un análisis espacial de riesgo por ubicación y la presencia de clústers. Se encontró una prevalencia para IBR, DVB, neosporosis y leptospirosis del 27.9%,79.7%, 90.6% y 43.5% respectivamente. La Tasa de Incidencia (100 hatos/ mes), por trimestre, fue 2.3, 2 y 2.2 para IBR; 11.2, 7.7 y 14.8 para DVB; 14.4, 14.0 y 20.4 para neosporosis y 0.8, 2.0 y 3.0 para leptospirosis. Los factores de riesgo asociados a IBR fueron el uso de inseminación artificial, la presencia de endometritis; para DVB se encontró como protección, hatos no expuestos a PI. Para N. caninum se encontró como factor de protección, la venta de animales y de riesgo, la presencia de trastornos reproductivos al igual que para L. hardjo . Hatos con más de 6 o 7 hembras fue un factor de riesgo común para IBR, DVB y L. hardjo . En el análisis espacial, los municipios con mayor riesgo (P0.05) a presentar enfermedad, fueron Carmen de Carupa para DVB (RR:3.09), neosporosis (RR:3.09) y leptospirosis (RR:3.49) y Sutatausa para IBR (RR:5.14) y DVB (RR: 3.45). Se concluye que la muestra de leche es útil para evaluar la exposición, dinámica y establecimiento de factores de riesgo asociados a diversas enfermedades en una poblaciónAbstract: A cohort study was designed to evaluate antibodies dynamics for IBR, BVDV, Neosporosis and leptospirosis, in the Province of Ubaté, Cundinamarca in bulk tank milk. The prevalence and dynamics at the herd level were monitored quarterly between 2016 and 2017. Management information and reproductive health of 365 small producers was taken every 45 days. These data and the results of the tests were analyzed by binary logistic regression (p0.05) to establish risk factors. In addition, a spatial risk analysis was performed by location and the presence of clusters was detected. Prevalence for IBR, BVDV, neosporosis and leptospirosis was 27.9%, 79.7%, 90.6% and 43.5% respectively. Incidence rate for every 100 herds / month, per quarter, was 2.3, 2.0, and 2.2 for IBR; 11.2, 7.7 and 14.8 for BVDV; 14.4, 14.0 and 20.4 for neosporosis and 0.8, 2.0 and 3.0 for leptospirosis. Risk factors associated with IBR were the use of artificial insemination and the presence of endometritis. For BVDV herds not exposed to PI was found as a protective factor. For Neosporosis, the sale of animals was considered a protective factor and reproductive disorders was a risk factor as well as for L. harjo. Herds with more than 6 or 7 females was a common risk factor for IBR, BVDV and L. harjo. In the spatial analysis, the municipalities with the highest risk were Carmen de Carupa for BVDV (RR: 3.09), neosporosis (RR: 3.09) and leptospirosis (RR: 3.49) and Sutatausa for IBR (RR: 5.14) and BVDV (RR: 3.45). It is concluded that the milk sample is useful to evaluate the exposure, dynamics and establishment of risk factors associated with various diseases in a population.Maestrí

Estado serológico para IBR, DVB, Leucosis, Leptospira y Neospora caninum en hembras bovinas del Departamento de Santander, Colombia.

Objective. To determine the serological status of bovine females for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), leucosis, Leptospira and Neospora caninum in the department of Santander, Colombia. Materials and methods. Convenience sampling was conducted on 460 cattle farms in 23 municipalities of Santander (Colombia). The collected sera were analyzed using different commercial ELISA kits following the manufacturer’s instructions. Results. Seroreactive animals were found for all diseases studied, with general prevalence rates of 21.8% for leucosis, 26.1% for Leptospira, 29.7% for BVD, 48.2% for IBR and 63% for Neospora. Conclusions. The prevalence rates of the diseases analyzed in the department of Santander among the bovine population fluctuate from medium to high and thus require official control measures.Objetivo. Conocer el estado serológico de hembras bovinas a IBR, DVB, leucosis, leptospira y Neospora caninum en el departamento de Santander, Colombia. Materiales y métodos.  Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia en 460 fincas ganaderas de 23 municipios de Santander (Colombia), los sueros  colectados fueron analizados mediante diferentes kits comerciales de ELISA siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante. Resultados. En todas las enfermedades estudiadas se encontraron animales seroreactores, correspondiendo la prevalencia general a Leucosis 21.8%, Leptospira 26.1%, DVB 29.7%, IBR 48.2% y Neospora 63 %. Conclusiones. En el departamento de Santander las enfermedades analizadas se encuentran en la población bovina con prevalencias que fluctúan entre medio a alto, lo cual requiere medidas de control oficial

Serological status of IBR, BVD, leucosis, Leptospira and Neospora caninum in bovine females of the department of Santander, Colombia

Abstract Objective. To determine the serological status of bovine females for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), leucosis, Leptospira and Neospora caninum in the department of Santander, Colombia. Materials and methods. Convenience sampling was conducted on 460 cattle farms in 23 municipalities of Santander (Colombia). The collected sera were analyzed using different commercial ELISA kits following the manufacturer’s instructions. Results. Seroreactive animals were found for all diseases studied, with general prevalence rates of 21.8% for leucosis, 26.1% for Leptospira, 29.7% for BVD, 48.2% for IBR and 63% for Neospora. Conclusions. The prevalence rates of the diseases analyzed in the department of Santander among the bovine population fluctuate from medium to high and thus require official control measures.Resumen Objetivo. Conocer el estado serológico de hembras bovinas a IBR, DVB, leucosis, leptospira y Neospora caninum en el departamento de Santander, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia en 460 fincas ganaderas de 23 municipios de Santander (Colombia), los sueros colectados fueron analizados mediante diferentes kits comerciales de ELISA siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante. Resultados. En todas las enfermedades estudiadas se encontraron animales seroreactores, correspondiendo la prevalencia general a Leucosis 21.8%, Leptospira 26.1%, DVB 29.7%, IBR 48.2% y Neospora 63%. Conclusiones. En el departamento de Santander las enfermedades analizadas se encuentran en la población bovina con prevalencias que fluctúan entre medio a alto, lo cual requiere medidas de control oficial